Treaty of Hartford ending the Pequot War, 1638, page 1. Connecticut State Library
TRANSCRIPTION
Agreement between the English in Connecticut and the Indian Sachems
A covenant and agreement made between the English inhabiting the jurisdiction of the River of Connecticut of the one part and Miantonomo, the Chief Sachem of the Narragansetts, in the behalf of himself and the other chief sachems there, and Poquiam or Uncas, the Chief Sachem of the Indians called the Mohegans, in the behalf of himself and the sachems under him, as followeth at Hartford, the 21st September 1638.
First, there is a peace and familiarity made between the said Miantonomo and the Narragansett Indians and the said Poquiam and Mohegan Indians and all former injuries and wrongs offered each to other remitted and buried and never to be renewed anymore from henceforth.
It is agreed if there fall out injuries and wrongs for future to be done or committed each to other or their men, they shall not presently revenge it, but they are to appeal to the English, and they are to decide the same, and the determination of the English to stand, and they are each to do as is by the English set down, and if the one or the other refuse to do, it shall be lawful for the English to compel them and to side and take part if they see cause against the obstinate or refusing party.
It is agreed and a conclusion of peace and friendship made between the said Miantonomo and the said Narragansetts and the said Poquiam and said Mohegans as long as they carry themselves orderly and give no just cause of offense and that they, nor either of them, do shelter any that may be enemies to the English that shall or formerly have had hand in murdering or killing any English man or woman or consenting thereunto. They, or either of them, shall as soon as they can, either bring the chief sachem of our late enemies, the Pequots, that had the chief hand in killing the English, to the said English or take off their heads. As also for those murderers that are now agreed upon amongst us that are living, they shall, as soon as they can possibly, take off their heads if they be in their custody or else wheresoever they or any of them shall come amongst them or to their wigwams or anywhere if they can by any means come to them.
Fourth, and whereas there be or is reported for to be said Narragansetts and Mohegans, two hundred Pequots living that are men besides squaws and papooses, the English do give unto Miantonomo and the Narragansetts to make up the number of eighty with the eleven they have already and to Poquiam his number and that after they, the Pequots, shall be divided as aforesaid, shall no more be called Pequots but Narragansetts and Mohegans, and as their men, or either of them, are to pay for every sannup one fathom of wampum peage, and for every youth half so much, and for every sannup papoose, one hand to be paid at hilling time of corn at Connecticut yearly and shall not suffer them for to live in the country that was formerly theirs but now is the English by conquest.
Neither shall the Narragansetts nor Mohegans possess any part of the Pequot Country without leave from the English, and it is always expected that the English captives are forthwith to be delivered to the English such as belong to Connecticut to the sachems there and such as belong to the Massachusetts.
The said agreements are to be kept inviolably by the parties abovesaid, and, if any make breach of them, the other two may join and make war upon such as shall break the same, unless satisfaction be made being reasonably required.
Haynes Governor, John Haynes
Roger Ludlow
Edward Hopkins
The mark of Miantonomo
The mark of Poquiam, alias Uncas
Notation: Articles of agreement between the Colony of Connecticut and the Indian sachems
/ Dated 1638
Copy: The above written is a copy of some articles made with the English and Indians as attest, compared by Samuel Mason, Assistant, John Tracy, Justice of Peace
A true copy as on file. Attest, James Menzies, Clerk, Current Commissioners.
A true copy from the minutes of His Majesty’s court of commissioners holden at Norwich, etc., June 28, 1743 in the Secretary’s Office of the Colony of Connecticut / Test, George Wyllys, Secretary
Thanks to NativeNortheastPortal.com and the Yale Indian Papers Project for this transcription.
Treaty of Hartford ending the Pequot War, 1638, page 2. Connecticut State Library
SUMMARY
Agreement between the English in Connecticut and the Indian Sachems
This agreement is made between the English living in the Connecticut Colony, and Miantonomo, the Chief Sachem of the Narragansetts, on behalf of himself and the other chief sachems under him, and Uncas, the Chief Sachem of the Mohegans, on behalf of himself and the sachems under him,
As follows, at Hartford, September 21, 1638:
First, peace is declared between the Narragansett and the Mohegan and all former wrongs between them are buried and never to be brought up again.
Second, it is agreed that in the future, any wrongs committed between the Narragansett and the Mohegan shall not be revenged but will be brought to the English to decide justice. The Narragansett and Mohegan must follow the English leaders' decision, and if they don't it will be lawful for the English to make them follow it.
Third, it is agreed that peace and friendship is made between the Narragansett and the Mohegan as long as they act peacefully and don't give cause for offense, and that neither tribe is sheltering any enemies of the English or anyone that murdered or killed any English man or woman. If they do, they will bring the chief sachems of the Pequot, our late enemies, to the English or take off their heads.
Fourth, it is reported that there are 200 Pequot men, women, and children living. The English give to the Narragansetts 80 plus the 11 they already have, and to Uncas his number, and that hereafter, the Pequots shall no more be called Pequots but Narragansetts and Mohegans and shall pay wampum and corn every year to the English, and they shall not live in their country which is now English by conquest.
Neither shall the Narragansetts or Mohegans have any of the Pequot country without permission from the English. And it is expected that any English captives they hold will be returned to the English.
This agreement is to be kept by the parties named and if any break the agreement, the other two may join together and make war on them unless satisfaction is made.